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The cabinet card was a style of photograph which was widely used for photographic portraiture after 1870. It consisted of a thin photograph mounted on a card typically measuring 108 by 165 mm (​4 1⁄4 by ​6 1⁄2 inches). The carte de visite was displaced by the larger cabinet card in the 1880s. In the early 1860s, both types of photographs were essentially the same in process and design. Both were most often albumen prints, the primary difference being the cabinet card was larger and usually included extensive logos and information on the reverse side of the card to advertise the photographer’s services. However, later into its popularity, other types of papers began to replace the albumen process. Despite the similarity, the cabinet card format was initially used for landscape views before it was adopted for portraiture.

A member of an armed group formed to fight secretly against an occupying force, in particular one operating in enemy-occupied eastern Europe in World War II.

Attacks against Jews and physical destruction of Jewish property, as well as looting of Jewish homes and businesses, throughout history.

A Mohel is a Jew trained in the practice of brit milah, the “covenant of circumcision.”